An Analysis of Explanations of one of Hafiz’s Couplets: “Our preceptor said (Pire Ma Goft) ...”, with Emphasis on Ambiguity, in The Light of the Definitions of Ibn Abi al-Asba 'and the Ambiguity Theory of Empson

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Three main approaches can be recognized between explanations of the couplet “Our preceptor said (Pire Ma Goft) ...” A- Trying to make sense of the couplet through the concept of the infallibility of the Creation B- Believing in Hafez's skepticism about infallibility of the Creation C- Emphasis on the specific ambiguity and artistic logic of poetry. In this study, after reviewing and categorizing the expanations of this couplet, it’s ambiguity as one of the main elements in achieving artistic logic was investigated in the light of the definition of Ibn Abi al-Asba and Empson. In the couplet, as in the definition of Ibn Abi al-Asba ', two different (opposite) meanings can be found, both of which have the same position in terms of symmetrical existence, and it is not possible to prefer one over the other; Also, all seven items which cause ambiguity, according to Empson, can be seen in this couplet. Multifaceted words, contradiction, tension and doubt are evident in the couplet, so that the preceptor’s (Pir’s) saying about the infalliblity of the Creation is accompanied by expressions which cause tension and doesn’t convey any certainty; Therefore, the poet doesn’t give any clear opinion and the continuation of the process is left to the reader; So, Hafez has achieved artistic ambiguity in his poetry and has skillfully nurtured contradictions and tensions in his poetry, and finally, he has involved the audience in the meaning of the poem.
 
 

Keywords

References

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Literature in the Iraqi period
Volume 3, Issue 2
July 2022
Pages 79-94

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