The reasons for the development of satire in the Seljuk period

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Professor of Persian language and literature, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The development of all kinds of literary, linguistic, and fictional satires with intellectual, philosophical, social, and political topics is one of the characteristics of the Seljuk era. In this era, on the one hand, kings and Sufists tended to support the culture of the common people, and on the other hand, poets and writers, due to the growth of literacy in the society, improved their linguistic and literary art and created difficult works. Since the kings and common people had a simple mentality, poets used humor and poetic stories to communicate with them. In the meantime, all kinds of humor and satire, which were common demands of the kings and the masses of the people, as one of the types of fun and entertainment as well as a means of judgment about the era, attracted the attention of poets and kings. The other functions of satire in this period are: a tool to show the displeasure of poets with the inattention of rulers to their art, a tool for job competition between poets and also to show the realities of the times, criticism of mischief and discrimination, and also to take revenge on the creators of anarchy
      

 

Keywords

References

_ Anuri Abivardi, Divan Anuri, 2 vols., by Mohammad Taghi Modares Razavi, Tehran, Translation and Publishing Company, 1337.
_ Behzadi Andohjardi, Hossein, Humorists of Iran, Tehran, Dostan Publications, 2013.
_ Jajermi, Muhammad bin Badr, Munes al-Ahrar fi dagayeg al-ashar, preface of Muhammad Qazvini, edited by Mir Saleh Tabibi, 2 vols, Tehran, National Art Association, 1350.
- Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin Abd al-Razzaq Isfahani, Diwan Ustad Jamal al-Din, corrected and edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgardi, Tehran, Armaghan Printing House, 1320.
- Javadi, Hassan, History of humor in Persian literature, Tehran, Karvan Publications, 1394.
- Halabi, Ali Asghar, The History of Humor and Humor in Iran and the Islamic World, Tehran, Behbahan Publications, 1377.
_ Khaqani Shervani, Badil bin Ali, Divan Khaqani, corrected by Ziauddin Sajjadi, Tehran, Zovar Publications, 2012.
_ Khayyam Neyshaboori. O. (1960). Quatrains Of Hakim Khayyam Neyshaboori. Efforted By Forooghi. M. And Ghani. Gh. Tehran: Nashr.
- Rawandi, Muhammad bin Ali bin Suleiman, Rahat al-Sudour and Ayat al-Suror in the history of the Seljuqs, edited and corrected by Muhammad Iqbal, with a foreword by Badi al-Zaman Farozanfar [and] Mojtabi Minavi, Tehran, Asatir Publications, 2016.
_ Sanai Ghaznavi, Hakeem Abul Majd Majdod ibn Adam (1362) The Diwan of Sanai Poems, by the efforts of Mohammad Taghi Modares Razavi, Tehran, Sanai Publications.
_ Sanai Ghaznavi, Hakeem Abul Majd Majdod ibn Adam,(1359) Hadith al -Haqiqe and Shari'at al -Tariqa, correction and correction of Mohammad -Taghi Modarres Razavi, Tehran, University of Tehran Publications.
_ Sanai Ghaznavi, Hakeem Abul Majd Majdod ibn Adam, (1957), Diwan Hakim Sanai, edited by Mazaher Mosafa, Tehran, Amir Kabir.
_ Suzani Samarqandi, Diwan Hakim Sozni Samarqandi, edited by Naseruddin Shah-Hosseini, Tehran, Amirkabir Publications, 1338.
_ Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza, Tazianeh-hai Suluk, criticism and analysis of several poems by Hakim Sanai, 11th edition, Tehran, Aghah Publications, 2019.
_ Shiri, gahreman, Development and Evolution of Persian Prose, Tehran, Vera Publishing vara, 2018.
_ Safa, Zabihullah, history of literature in Iran, vol.1, 6th edition, Tehran, Ferdowsi Publications, 1363.
_ Safa, Zabihullah, History of literature in Iran, volume 2, fifth edition, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 2536.
_ Attar, Farid al-Din Mohammad bin Ebrahim Neishabouri, Mosibatnameh, introduction, corrections and notes by Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kodkani, Tehran, Sokhon Publications, 2016.
_ Attar, Farid al-Din Mohammad bin Ebrahim Neishabouri, Elahinameh revised and annotated by Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani, Tehran, Sokhon Publications, 1387.
_ Onsor Al-Maali Kikaus bin Iskandar bin Qaboos bin Voshamgir bin Ziyar, Qaboos-nameh, corrected by Abdul Majid Badavi, Tehran, Ibn Sina Books Publishing House, 1335.
_ oufy, Muhammad, Lebab al-Labab, with the efforts and corrections of Edward Bravn English and the introduction by Mohammad Qazvini, 2 volumes, Leiden, 1906.
_ Forozanfar, Badie Al Zaman, Sokhon and Sokhonvaran, Tehran, Zovar Publications, 2017.
_ Kargar Jahormi, Fatemeh, Abbas Ahmadvand, Zuhair Sabahian Gurji, "Humorists and satirical methods in Seljuk era Iran", Journal of Cultural History Studies, Journal of the Iranian History Association, Year 8, Number 20 9th, Fall 2015: 48-23.
_ Mehsti Ganjavi, Rabaiyat, arranger and introduction: Rafael Hosseinov, supervised by: Mohammad Agha Sultanzadeh, Baku, 1985.
_ Samarkandi aruzi Nizami, Ahmed bin Omar bin Ali, four essays, edited by Muhammad Qazvini, with explanation of words and phrases and explanation of literary points by Muhammad Moin, Leiden, Holland, 1327 AH.
Literature in the Iraqi period
Volume 3, Issue 4
June 2023
Pages 55-97

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics