The Use of Zolf as a Wine Cap in Lyrics of Hafez

In literary texts, "Zolf" is sometimes associated with pub elements such as wine and butler, or has made a special combination with them, such as "Zolf Saqi", "Saqi Zolfandaz" or metaphorically "Nafeh". These notions are used instead of Zolf, however, it should be noted out that there is no common concept of Zolf as a member of the human body or the beloved Zolf. Having that in mind, researchers have imagined Zolf only as the human and the beloved Zolf. The commentators of Hafez's divan, who considered Zolf to be related only to the beloved, have gone beyond the meanings in the verses. Furthermore, one of the probable reasons for the inconsistency in Hafez's lyric poems is the lack of attention to the original and practical meaning of words such as Zolf is in the age of Hafez. The main assumption in such cases is that "Zolf" is used as a means of cap and closing. The words "Zolfin" and "Zorfin" are used in ancient texts to mean a ring in the door. "-Yin" here refers to Zolf, which means Zolf. In “Dari” language of Afghanistan, "Zolfi" and "Zolfak" are still used to mean chains and also, closing doors and gates. The use of Zolfi and Zolfak in Afghan Persian indicates that the word Zolf in ancient Persian was equivalent to the Arabic word "fedam" that is used for wine. Other words, such as chignon and hair, have become somewhat common in the same sense and usage due to the sharing of meaning with Zolf. Based on this concept of Zolf, some cases of Hafez's poetry, that scholars have previously mentioned as Zolf's beloved, have been considered. Also, based on this, they have believed in incoherence in Hafez's sonnets and have neglected the use of humorous concepts in Hafez's sonnets. 
Introduction:
One of the essentials in Hafez studies is to review the meaning and use of words from Hafez's Divan, which has been interpreted and explained in ways that are contrary to their use in his period due to the prevalent concepts in the contemporary era. Furthermore, these incorrect interpretations and explanations have led to a number of incorrect analyses on Hafez's life, personality, and poetry.  "Zolf" is also one of the most highly used words in Hafez's Divan, which requires attention to its meaning, concept and use in the poet's period. The word "Zolf", referred to the name of one of the body parts, is a frequent word in Persian poetry. This word, in addition to the name of body parts, is combined with other words, or applied to other names and phenomena. However, its extensive use as the name of a specific body part lead to neglecting its other meanings or uses in dictionaries or research works. Wherever in Persian poetry, especially in sonnets, the word Zolf is used, researchers assume that the meaning of this word is the Zolf of the beloved. Sometimes this word is combined with concepts that cannot mean the Zolf of the beloved, but the concept of the Zolf of the beloved has prevented other meanings, so that researchers have been appointed to far-fetched explanations, regardless of the way this word is used.
Discussion:
Sometimes in literary texts, "Zolf" is associated with pub elements such as wine and butler or has made a special combination with them, such as "Zolf Saqi", "Saqi Zolfandaz" or metaphorically "Nafeh" is used instead of Zolf, but in proportion to There is no common concept of Zolf as a member of the human body or beloved Zolf, but researchers have imagined Zolf only as human and beloved Zolf. The commentators of Hafez's Divān, who considered Zolf to be related only to the beloved, have gone away from the meanings in the verses mentioned next to Zolf. Perhaps one of the reasons for the inconsistency in Hafez's lyric poems is the lack of attention to the original and practical meaning of words such as Zolf is in the age of Hafez. Our main assumption in these cases is that "Zolf" is used to mean a cap and a means of closing. The words "Zolfin" and "Zorfin" are used in ancient texts to mean a ring in the door. "-Yin" here refers to Zolf, which means Zolf. In the Dari language of Afghanistan today, "Zolfi" and "Zolfak" are still used to mean chains and means of closing doors and gates. The use of Zolfi and Zolfak in Afghan Persian indicates that the word Zolf in ancient Persian was equivalent to the Arabic word "Fedam" used for wine. Other words, such as chignon and hair, have become somewhat common in the same sense and usage due to the sharing of meaning with Zolf. Based on this concept of Zolf, we have reviewed some cases of Hafez's poetry that scholars have previously considered as Zolf's beloved. Also, based on this, they have believed in incoherence in Hafez's sonnets and have neglected the use of humorous concepts in Hafez's sonnets.
Conclusion:
The Origin of the word "Zolf" means binding, and its other forms such as "Zolfin" and "zorfin" in ancient texts mean the ring of the door, which shows that this word has been used in another meaning other than the hair and Zolf of the beautiful ones; Especially the type of accompaniment and combination of it with elements related to wine and tavern indicates that in the analysis and reading of poems that Zolf is accompanied by tavern elements, attention should be paid to the lexical meaning of this word, which is binding and hiding. The accompaniment of Zolf with jug and wine shows that the word Zolf in ancient Persian was equivalent to the Arabic words "Fedam" and "khatm" for the cover of wine. The word "Gisu" (hair) has also become popular to some extent in the same meaning and use due to the commonality of meaning with Zolf. Based on the use of "Zolf" as a cover for wine, we have clarified the meaning of some special and rare expressions such as "Saqi-e- Kamandandaz" and "Saqi Zolfandaz".
Based on the use of “Zolf” as a cover for wine, it has been reviewed that some cases of Hafez’s poetry that researchers have previously considered as Zolf of the beloved, and also based on that, they have considered inconsistency in Hafez’s ghazals and neglected the use of humorous concepts in Hafez’s ghazal. The two examples that we have analyzed from Hafez’s ghazals to explain how the verses of ghazals and Hafez’s humor are connected in the accompaniment of Zolf with tavern elements, testify that the views based on the independence of verses in some cases are the result of the modern look at the words and terms of verses.