Analytical reading of the simile of the Ka'beh to the bride of "Har Haft Karde" (Full makeup) in the Khaghani's Divan

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

10.22126/ltip.2024.10884.1275

Abstract

One of the important subjects in Khaghani's Divan is the praise of the Ka'beh, its description is reflected in six long poems of his Divan. One of the most beautiful of these descriptions is the description of the Kaaba as a "seven makeup pens" Bride. The term "seven makeup pen" most commonly used in Khaghani's poems. Cultures have brought this term to mean "having full makeup" and what is called today "seven pens makeup" and considered it to include hana, vasmeh, sormeh, sorkhab, sefidab, zarak, and ghalieh. Commentators of Khaghani, in the description of the mentioned verses, have only mentioned the same seven elements of makeup found in the cultures. Since Khaghani is a poet of precise details, it can be assumed that he had similarities in mind in describing the Ka'beh as a Bride with full makeup. The issue of the present article is, what meaning or justification did bring this attribute for the Ka'beh have in Khaghani's mind. The results of the investigation of this issue show that first of all, the meaning of "seven makeup pens" about the bride or lover is not only facial makeup; it also includes decorating hair, wearing beautiful and expensive clothes, using ornaments, use of perfume and sitting in the Hejleh and secondly, Khaghani has adapted parts of the house of the Kaaba with the usual makeup of the bride and has considered them as the complete makeup of the Ka'be.
Introduction:
Khaghani is one of the most prominent poets of the Persian language, and at the same time, one of the most unknown among them. Accuracy in description and particular detail in the description of objects and phenomena around him, while being one of the advantages of his style, can be one of the reasons for the difficulty of Khaghani's poetry, which has also caused many commentaries on his poems. One of the expressions that, although it is not Khaghani's creation and has a history in Anuri's poetry before him, but he used it more than others in his poems, is "Har Haft Karde" (Full makeup) and that is the attribute of someone who has been revealed in public with the utmost beauty and elegance. Since Khaghani also gives this adjective for "Ka'beh" in two verses, the issue of the present article is, what meaning justification did bring or this attribute for the Ka'beh have in Khaghani's mind.
Materials and Methods:
In this article, we tried to find the accessories and how to make up the bride by searching in classical Persian literature, and then by rereading what Khaghani said about the bride and the Ka'beh, we tried to match these two with each other. Based on this, the common features in the description of the bride and the description of the Kaaba in Khaqani poetry were recovered and explained separately and with evidence from Persian literature and Khaqani poetry. These features include: the similarity of the material of the bride dress and the cloth covered over the Ka'beh, the similarity of the color of the bride's dress and the cover of the Ka'beh, the curly hair of the bride and the black stone, the bride's tangled hair and the ring in the Ka'beh, the redness of the bride's lips and the redness of the threshold of the Ka'beh, the sound of the bride's jewelry and the sound of the door of the Ka'beh being unlocked, the fragrance of the bride and the fragrance of the Ka'beh, and Bridal Chmber and the veil of the Ka'beh.
Results and Discussion:
Among Khaghani's descriptive poems, which have not been discussed in detail so far, is the description of the Ka'beh as "the bride of every seven". In this article, we have tried to clarify the reasons for such comparison and we have reached the following conclusions:
- In describing the Ka'beh as a wedding with full makeup, Khaghani has considered similarities between the two that are beyond what has been said and written so far.
- It seems that the more correct and accurate perception of the bride "Her Haft Karde" in Khaqani's poetry is not related to use of cosmetics, but to adorning her hair, wearing beautiful and expensive dress, use of various ornaments, fragrance and in the veil and sitting in Bridal Chmber also included.
 - It seems that in the final composition of his poetic sense and imagination, Khaghani made a comparison between the elements of the Ka'beh and the usual makeup of the bride, and in this way, he used them in the form of complete makeup.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Anvari, H. (2002). Sokhon's Big Dictionary, first edition, Tehran: Sokhon (In Persian).
Bal'ami (1994). Tabari's History, edited by Mohammad Roshan, first edition, Tehran: Soroush. (In Persian).
Barzegar Khaleghi, M. R. (2008). Commentary of Divan Khaqani, V.1. First edition, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Anvari, H. (2002). Sokhon's Big dictionary, first edition, Tehran: Sokhon. (In Persian).
Bal'ami (1994). Tabari's History, edited by Mohammad Roshan, first edition, Tehran: Soroush. (In Persian).
Al- Daqn, M. (2005). The Kaaba and its robe from the beginning to now, translated by Hadi Ansari, Tehran: Mash'ar. (In Persian).
Dehkhoda, A.A. (1993). dictionary, first edition of the new period, Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian).
Este'lami, M. (2008). Criticism and Description of Khaqani's Poems, first edition, Tehran:        Zavvar. (In Persian).
Fakhroddin Asad Gorgani. (1958). Vis o Ramin, edited by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran: Andisheh publishing house. (In Persian).
Farrokhi Sistani, A. (1992). Hakim Farrokhi Sistani's Divan, by the efforts of Dabir Siyaghi, 4th edition, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Ghazzali, I. M. (2001). Kimiyaye Saadat (Vol. 1), by Hoseyn Khadiv Jam, 9th edition, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural. (In Persian).
Hamid al-Din Balkhi, A. O. (1986). Hamidi authorities, edited by Reza Anzabinejad, First edition, Tehran: University Publishing Center. (In Persian).
Ibn Batutah, M. (1991). Travelogue of Ibnu Batuta, translated by Mohammad Ali Movahed, volume 1, fifth edition, Tehran: Agah. (In Persian).
Ibn Jubayr, M. (2005). Travelogue of Ibnu Jobeir, translated by Parviz Atabaki, first Edition, Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi. (In Persian).
Kazzazi, M. J. (1995). Rokhsar e Sobh, third edition, Tehran: Mad. (In Persian).
Kazzazi, M. J. (2010). Report on the difficulties of Divan Khaqani, 4th edition, Tehran: Markaz. (In Persian).
Khaghani, A.B. (1995), Divan Khaghani Sharvani, by Ziaoddin Sajjadi, fifth edition, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Khaghani, A.B. (2008). Divan Khaghani, edited by Mirjalaloddin Kazzazi, second Edition, Tehran: Center. (In Persian).
Khalaf Tabrizi, M. b. H. (1361). Borhan e Ghate', by Mohammad Moin, 4th edition, Tehran:  Amir Kabir. (In Persian).
Madankan, M. (2009). Bazm e Dirineh Arus, 6th edition, Tehran: Academic Publishing Center. (In Persian).
Mahyar, A. (2022). "Building of the Kaaba and its covering", collection of essays (first book), second edition, Karaj: Jam e Gol. (In Persian).
Manuchehri. (1977). Divan Manuchehri Damghani, corrected by Mohammad Dabirsiyaghi, 4th edition, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Masoud Sa'd. (1985). Divan Masoud Sa'd, edited by Mahdi Noorian, first edition, Isfahan: Kamal. (In Persian).
Moezzi, M. b. A. (1939). Amir Moezzi's Divan, corrected by Abbas Iqbal, Tehran: Islamiyyeh bookstore. (In Persian).
Moin, M. (1989). "Haft and Haft Peykar Nezami", collection of articles, second Edition, Tehran: Moin. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, A. Turkashvand, M. (2009), "Rumi neghabe Kaaba; Explanation and elaboration of a verse from Khaqani and description of the covering of the Kaaba", Persian Literature, No. 1, 125-146. (In Persian).
Mujir al-Din Baylaqani. (1979). Divan Mujir al-Din Baylaqani, edited by Mohammad Abadi, Tabriz: Iran History and Culture Foundation. (In Persian).
Naser Khosrow. (1956). The travelogue of Abu Mo'in Naser bin Khosrow Qabadiani, Edited by Mohammad Dabirsiaghi, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Nezami. (1984). Khosrow and Shirin, edited by Hasan Vahid Dastgerdi, second edition, Tehran: Scientific. (In Persian).
Nezami. (1984). Haft Peykar, edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgardi, second edition, Tehran: Scientific. (In Persian).
Nezami. (1984). SharafNameh, edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgardi, second edition, Tehran: Scientific. (In Persian).
Onsori. (1984). Divan Onsori Balkhi, corrected by Mohammad Dabirsiaghi, second Edition, Tehran: Sanai Library. (In Persian).
Sa'di, M. b. A. (1984). Sa'di's generalities, corrected by Mohammad Ali Forughi, Second edition, Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian).
Safa, Z. (1999). History of Literature in Iran, 5th volume, 8th edition, Tehran:  Ferdows. (In Persian).
Shamisa, S. (1988). Farhang e Esharat, first edition, Tehran: Mitra. (In Persian).
Sajjadi, S. Z. (2009). Dictionary of words and interpretations with a description of the Declarations and problems of the Khaghani Sharvani court, third edition, Tehran: Zavvar. (In Persian).
Sana'i, M. b. A. (no date). Sana'i's Divan, by Modarres Razavi, 4th edition, Tehran:  Sana’i. (In Persian).
Torki, M. R. (2018). The Sekret of Khaghani's Elegant Words, first volume, first Edition, Tehran: Samt. (In Persian).
Zahiri Samarqandi, M. (2002). SandbadNameh, corrected by Mohammad Baqer Kamaluddini, Tehran: Written Heritage.
Zarrinkoob, A. H. (2013). A review in Persian Poetry, 5th edition, Tehran: Sokhan. (In Persian).
 
Literature in the Iraqi period
Volume 5, Issue 2
June 2024
Pages 13-34

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics