بازشناخت شخصیت ابن‌یمین با محوریت قطعات ایشان

Ibn Yamin Faryumadi is one of the poets of the second half of the 7th century and the first half of the 8th century. He is considered one of the composers of the Mughal period, a period of complete chaos in the history of Iran. The place where this poet lives has been one of the turbulent centers in which the social ethics and intellectual foundations and the culture of people have deteriorated owing to the brutality of the bloodthirsty people. During these days, political and social disturbances and the fall of social ethics and human values caused the spirit of surrender and determinism among the general public. The chaos of the poet's words, which originates from the chaos of the society, has caused his worldview to become contradictory and confused. His contradictions in expressing moral points on the one hand and non-adherence to ethics can also be considered, and he is kept as a poet between the border of good and bad. Although Ibn Yamin is famous for composing moral and instructive pieces, and so far researchers have studied and researched more of his divan in this aspect, but The author of this research, referring to his other poems, seeks to demonstrate that the poet has not been ethical. On the contrary, in many cases, it has gone out of the circle of ethics and freelance writing with insignificant and humble requests, and the findings of the research prove this claim. 
Introduction:
Amir Fakhr al-Din Mahmud bin Amiryamin al-Din Toghrai, Mustofi Farumadi, known as Ibn Yamin, is a famous poet of the 8th century (Born at the end of the 7th century, and died in 769 AH). As it can be deduced from his poems and according to the available evidence, Ibn Yamin was a poet of Shiite religion.  (cf. Nosrati, 2002: 88) My religion is this, yours is also the same way, you are a man and a people which is right after Nabi Muqtada by Haq Ali ibn Butalib Hashemi (Ibn Yamin, 1985: 355).                                                  
Ibn Yamin Diwan is a valuable treasure of moral and social themes in different poetic formats and he composed more than fourteen thousand verses, but his high status is in composing pieces that are often written on social and moral themes and advice. Ibn-Yamin was the author of individual pieces, and his pieces included original allegories and rich interpretations (cf. Zarin Koob, 2007: 377).
Ibn Yamin, similar to aa the poets of the Mughal period, understood the most painful events and the turbulent period of Iranian history. In addition, he was born in a city that has seen the most tragedies from the Mongol invasion. The era of Ibn Yamin coincides with the successive wars of the rulers of Khorasan and the campaign of Timur, and sometimes the poet was present in these conflicts (cf. Safa, 1994: 3^rd volume, 2^nd volume, 954). Khorasan suffered the most economic, social and political destruction following the campaign of the Mongols. On one hand, the destruction of cities and scientific and cultural centers and the occurrence of civil wars caused poverty, darkness, and famine among the people of Khorasan and, on the other hand, empowering the incompetent and incompetent people and the marginalization of the people of grace and the knowledge in the society and the boundless cruelty of the rulers and the levying of heavy taxes had caused the people to get fed up. Ibn Yamin described the inflammatory situation of his time as follows: Mayim is like a mirrored star with a sigh of a heart that turns stone to blood. We come to the night with a thousand sorrows until the sky itself comes out of the curtain (Ibn Yamin, 1985: 696).
Most of writers and researchers have praised his poetry and moral virtues, and considered contentment and avoiding greed among his desirable traits. They attribute Ibn Yamin to virtues such as not seeking extravagance, protecting oneself from humiliation, calling to work and effort, criticizing inhumanity and immorality, and gratitude (cf. Mojtabai, 1989: vol. 5, p. 146). Carefully in his pieces, we sometimes come across poems that have conflicting content. Since in many parts, he guides people toward freedom and chivalry, contentment, avoiding immorality and self-protection from flattery, in other parts, which are not few in number, he is for a bag of straw and a sip of wine or a few coins. What adulation and flattery he does not do (In the findings of the article, the mentioned examples are available). "Ibn Yamin's opinions are so unclear and changeable that they contradict each other" (Ripka, 2013: 470). It seems that this contradiction in writing probably originates from the instability of the poet's personality and lack of faith. "These contradictions indicate the inner instability and lack of stability of the intellectual and religious personality and the lack of spiritual and psychological coherence of the poets at different stages of life" (Taghiani, 2007: 118). Therefore, it can be claimed thatfactors such as the chaotic social, political and cultural conditions of his era were influential in this instability of the poet's personality. "This famous orator was in one of the most turbulent historical periods of Iran, and perhaps his place of residence was more turbulent than other provinces of this land" (Khanleri, 1996: 3).
In this research, it is discussed that Ibn Yamin, contrary to the pieces that contain moral, judgmental, and educational themes, in many cases acted contrary to what he wrote and showed a contradictory, unstable, multifaceted and intellectually unstable personality.
Materials and Methods:
Most of the researchers, referring to some poems, especially Ibn Yamin's pieces, consider him a moral person who adheres to humane and moral principles. A high frequency of his pieces are themes and a valuable treasure of moral and wise advice. Also, in his poems it can be numerously observed that he criticizes the disordered situation of the society. However, the fact is that in these pieces of his extensive verses, the opposite of this claim can be claimed. Therefore, in order to understand Ibn Yamin's poems and recognize his personality, one should refer to his other pieces to see his flattering verses about rulers and emirs, so that different aspects of his personality can be well-recognized for researchers.
The method is descriptive and analytical, and the results were obtained by using the analysis of bits and pieces, in the manner of library and document analysis. It should be noted that most of the pieces that were analyzed are almost similar in terms of theme and content. For this reason, it was not possible to divide the topics of the discussion into several separate categories, although the existing division may overlap in some aspects.
Results and Discussion:

The Conflict carrying the claim of non-attachment to the world with humble requests (stereotypes)

With its natural function, literature presents art and beauty to the human soul, and with a sense of responsibility, it does not neglect its moral and social obligation towards society. Although Ibn Yamin lived in a turbulent period and observed the moral vices and cultural degeneration of the people, he saw it as his human duty not to remain silent in the face of these vices and to open his tongue to criticize and reform his contemporaries, and give advice and admonition. However, Ibn Yamin is a poet who, on one hand, invites himself and others to avoid worldliness and turn away from wealth and not to accumulate wealth and contentment and, on the other hand, frequently complains and criticizes the hardships of life and considers the material aspect.

Conflict in being popular

Despite all these features, Ibn Yamin sees the realities of his time better than his other contemporaries. "He sees the times more clearly than his contemporaries and measures moral and social facts better than his bigoted and closed-eyed contemporaries" (Yasmi, 1373: 414). Ibn Yamin, like all the poets and writers and people of grace, knows correctly that he should speak the language of his people, but in the other parts, he contradicts his statements.
Conclusion:
According to the frequency of Ibn Yamin's pieces, almost a quarter of his pieces are composed in the themes of Diuzeh. Ibn Yamin's pieces have a distinct heterogeneity. With accuracy in some pieces, which are not few in number, he has an instable personality. He does not have a fixed ideological position in some parts and constantly changes his opinions in order to achieve worldly goals. Perhaps this kind of unstable behavior of his in composing pieces is the result of the cultural decline of the poet's era. In terms of poetic themes, the confusion of values to a large extent makes the evolutionary horizons of his verses seem shaky in the eyes of the reader. When there is an opening in his life, he exudes chivalry and non-attachment to the world, and when he is in trouble, there is no mention of his guiding poems. Of course, the fact should be considered that the political determinism governing the society of the poet's era makes him a multifaceted personality. Many of Ibn Yamin's pieces cannot be justified by any criterion except the principle of necessity.
From the cliched and repetitive interpretations of Ibn Yamin's pieces, it can be considered that the audience are dealing with a free and pious man who is under his command. Ibn Yamin, having known that the social and cultural conditions of his time, has chosen the genre of some pieces as an opportunity to open up his life. The question that may occupy the minds of some people is that how, despite all the praise poetry, he has not been introduced as a praise poet in our literature. The pleading poems written by the poet to earn money to pass the affairs of his life are no less than his free poems.