بررسی نظام‌های‌ گفتمانی در منظومۀ جمشید و خورشید

The emotional intensity of the actors in most lyrical narratives, combined with specific inductive, prescriptive, and event-driven processes, generates a tense and atmospheric space within these workThe outcome is the emotional, sensory, and tense presence of the subject in response to a perceived deficiency. One method to understand the meaning of such works is to analyze them through the study of discursive systems, including Greimas' semiotic-semantic framework, which offers an appropriate approach for examining the mechanisms of meaning production within sensory-perceptual, cognitive, and aesthetic discursive systems. This article analyzes the "discursive systems" of the narrative Jamshid and Khorshid, an example of lyrical storytelling, to examine the process of linguistic production through the transformation of the main character, Jamshid. Initially a passive actor, Jamshid recognizes a deficiency in his life and evolves into an active participant influenced by a sensory perception of the world. His sensory-perceptual experience, triggered by a dream, leads him into a new discursive realm. Jamshid's intertwined presence with the external world creates an atmospheric space within the narrative, which facilitates the lyrical quality of the work and reflects his inner state. The result of this atmosphere is an aesthetic perception in which Jamshid’s sensory identification with the world’s sensations is illustrated through techniques such as parallelism, figures of speech, ambiguity, simile, and poetic etiology. 
Introduction:
A.J. Greimas’s semiotic theory of discourse is a fundamental framework for analyzing the semantic structures of discourse. By emphasizing the complexities of meaning and its formation, this theory helps to understand the processes involved in producing and interpreting meaning within various texts. In this approach, discourse is defined as a network of signs that plays a key role in shaping meanings and the relationships between them. Thus, Greimas’s framework not only facilitates the analysis of narrative structures but also provides a means to explore the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of a text.
Materials and Methods:
The lyrical narrative of Jamshid and Khorshid and Theoretical Framework Jamshid and Khorshid stands as one of the rich and influential works in Persian literature. This poem explores themes such as love, power, and human conflict, all of which unfold through the interactions and challenges faced by its characters.
Greimas’s theory, with its capacity to analyze the Actantial, Shavashi, and Tensive discourses within this poem, provides significant insights into uncovering the various semantic layers of the work. The Actantial discourse focuses on the interactions and relationships among the actors, revealing the fundamental narrative structures of the story. Meanwhile, the Shavashi discourse addresses the characters’ sensory and emotional experiences, examining how these experiences influence the audience’s perception and understanding. The Tensive discourse, in turn, explores moments of crisis and emotional fluctuations, illustrating how these tensions impact the story’s progression. In this article, this theoretical framework is employed to conduct a deeper analysis of Jamshid and Khorshid, aiming to explore the semantic and narrative connections of the work in a more comprehensive manner.
Results and Discussion:
Analyzing Jamshid and Khorshid through Greimas’s theory offers a more nuanced and thorough understanding of the poem's semantic layers. This theory allows for a more holistic view that goes beyond the straightforward narrative, addressing the relationships among story elements, emotional tensions, Shaveshi experiences, and even the poem's stylistic features. Through this multidimensional perspective, readers gain a more comprehensive understanding of the romantic epic.
In this study, each of Greimas’s four discourses is examined within Jamshid and Khorshid, with a focus on illuminating the specific semantic and narrative elements embedded within the work.

Actantial Discourse

In the actantial discourse analyzes the relationships and interactions among the characters, emphasizing their significance in the development of both the story and its characters. The main characters, Jamshid and Khorshid, pursue different goals and aspirations. Jamshid seeks love and unity with Khorshid, encountering numerous challenges along the way, while Khorshid embarks on a journey in search of truth and meaning. The emotional interactions and dialogues between them reveal the depth of their feelings and the underlying tensions, which contribute to the story’s progression. Obstacles and challenges also play a crucial role in the Actantial discourse, as each barrier has the potential to derail the characters from their objectives and affect their relationships. Jamshid faces romantic rivals and societal pressures that threaten to divert him from his path. These challenges create internal conflicts for the characters, shaping not only their personal journeys but also the progression of the storyline. Ultimately, the Actantial discourse allows readers to engage with the emotional and semantic complexities of the story on a deeper level.

Shaveshi Discourse

The Shaveshi discourse centers on the characters’ sensory experiences and their direct connections with the outer world. In this romantic epic, sensory experiences and visual and auditory descriptions significantly shape Jamshid and Khorshid’s perceptions of each other and their surroundings. This discourse is portrayed through symbolic and sensory imagery, such as aesthetic descriptions of nature and the love between Jamshid and Khorshid. Here, the significance of sensory desires and emotions within the narrative is examined, demonstrating how these experiences create meaning and enhance the emotional resonance. Additionally, this section highlights the role of the Shaveshi discourse in conveying the deeper meaning of love, passion, and the protagonist’s perception of beauty, grandeur, nature, and the beloved.

Tensive Discourse

The Tensive discourse within this lyrical narrative examines moments of tension, crisis, and transformation in the experiences of Jamshid and Khorshid. This discourse relates to the concept of oscillations between opposing poles, such as proximity and distance or calm and anxiety. Here, critical moments like those in which Jamshid and Khorshid encounter serious threats or obstacles that challenge their romantic journey are analyzed. This discourse provides an in-depth examination of pivotal emotional moments, sensory fluctuations, and the psychological states of the characters, revealing how these oscillations contribute to the poem’s implicit meaning and deepen the relationship between the characters.
Conclusion:
This article, drawing on Greimas's discursive theory, delves deeply into the narrative, demonstrating how each element of Greimas's theory uniquely contributes to explaining the semantic and narrative components of the story. Through its Shaveshi-perceptual and rhetorical discourse, the narrative creates a tense Shaveshi atmosphere that not only advances the plot but also enhances the lyrical and aesthetic layers of the work. In this story, the actional discourse outlines Jamshid's actions and interactions, which, inspired by a dream, ultimately lead to a profound belief. The shaveshi discourse reflects Jamshid's emotional states and sensory experiences, guiding him through a journey filled with mystery and tension. Meanwhile, the tensional discourse reveals Jamshid's psychological fluctuations and emotional complexities during his encounters with characters such as Khorshid and the King of Rome. This analytical approach allows the reader to unravel the multiple layers of this lyrical narrative and grasp its profound aesthetic meaning, which arises from Jamshid's interactions with the surrounding world and resonates through the emotional moments that define the narrative.